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  padding-right: 60px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-5 {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-5 .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 75px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-5 .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 75px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-6 {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-6 .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 90px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-6 .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 90px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-7 {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-7 .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 105px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-7 .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 105px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-8 {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-8 .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 120px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-8 .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 120px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-9 {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-9 .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 135px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group.vis-group-level-9 .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 135px;
}
/* default takes over beginning with level-10 (thats why we add .vis-nested-group
  to the selectors above, to have higher specifity than these rules for the defaults) */
.vis-label.vis-nested-group {
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}
.vis-ltr .vis-label.vis-nested-group .vis-inner {
  padding-left: 150px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nested-group .vis-inner {
  padding-right: 150px;
}

.vis-group-level-unknown-but-gte1 {
  border: 1px solid red;
}

/* expanded/collapsed indicators */
.vis-label.vis-nesting-group:before,
.vis-label.vis-nesting-group:before {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 15px;
}
.vis-label.vis-nesting-group.expanded:before {
  content: "\25BC";
}
.vis-label.vis-nesting-group.collapsed:before {
  content: "\25B6";
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label.vis-nesting-group.collapsed:before {
  content: "\25C0";
}
/* compensate missing expanded/collapsed indicator, but only at levels > 0 */
.vis-ltr .vis-label:not(.vis-nesting-group):not(.vis-group-level-0) {
  padding-left: 15px;
}
.vis-rtl .vis-label:not(.vis-nesting-group):not(.vis-group-level-0) {
  padding-right: 15px;
}

.vis-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 10;
}</style><style type="text/css">
.vis-labelset {
  position: relative;

  overflow: hidden;

  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label {
  position: relative;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  color: #4d4d4d;

  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #bfbfbf;
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label.draggable {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.vis-group-is-dragging {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label .vis-inner {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 5px;
}

.vis-labelset .vis-label .vis-inner.vis-hidden {
  padding: 0;
}
</style><style type="text/css">div.vis-configuration {
    position:relative;
    display:block;
    float:left;
    font-size:12px;
}

div.vis-configuration-wrapper {
    display:block;
    width:700px;
}

div.vis-configuration-wrapper::after {
  clear: both;
  content: "";
  display: block;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-option-container{
    display:block;
    width:495px;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border:2px solid #f7f8fa;
    border-radius:4px;
    margin-top:20px;
    left:10px;
    padding-left:5px;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-button{
    display:block;
    width:495px;
    height:25px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height:25px;
    background-color: #f7f8fa;
    border:2px solid #ceced0;
    border-radius:4px;
    margin-top:20px;
    left:10px;
    padding-left:5px;
    cursor: pointer;
    margin-bottom:30px;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-button.hover{
    background-color: #4588e6;
    border:2px solid #214373;
    color:#ffffff;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-item{
    display:block;
    float:left;
    width:495px;
    height:25px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height:25px;
}


div.vis-configuration.vis-config-item.vis-config-s2{
    left:10px;
    background-color: #f7f8fa;
    padding-left:5px;
    border-radius:3px;
}
div.vis-configuration.vis-config-item.vis-config-s3{
    left:20px;
    background-color: #e4e9f0;
    padding-left:5px;
    border-radius:3px;
}
div.vis-configuration.vis-config-item.vis-config-s4{
    left:30px;
    background-color: #cfd8e6;
    padding-left:5px;
    border-radius:3px;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-header{
    font-size:18px;
    font-weight: bold;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-label{
    width:120px;
    height:25px;
    line-height: 25px;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-label.vis-config-s3{
    width:110px;
}
div.vis-configuration.vis-config-label.vis-config-s4{
    width:100px;
}

div.vis-configuration.vis-config-colorBlock{
    top:1px;
    width:30px;
    height:19px;
    border:1px solid #444444;
    border-radius:2px;
    padding:0px;
    margin:0px;
    cursor:pointer;
}

input.vis-configuration.vis-config-checkbox {
    left:-5px;
}


input.vis-configuration.vis-config-rangeinput{
    position:relative;
    top:-5px;
    width:60px;
    /*height:13px;*/
    padding:1px;
    margin:0;
    pointer-events:none;
}

input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range{
    /*removes default webkit styles*/
    -webkit-appearance: none;

    /*fix for FF unable to apply focus style bug */
    border: 0px solid white;
    background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);

    /*required for proper track sizing in FF*/
    width: 300px;
    height:20px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
    width: 300px;
    height: 5px;
    background: #dedede; /* Old browsers */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%, #c8c8c8 99%); /* FF3.6+ */
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#dedede), color-stop(99%,#c8c8c8)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #dedede 0%, #c8c8c8 99%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* IE10+ */
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* W3C */
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#dedede', endColorstr='#c8c8c8',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */

    border: 1px solid #999999;
    box-shadow: #aaaaaa 0px 0px 3px 0px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-webkit-slider-thumb {
    -webkit-appearance: none;
    border: 1px solid #14334b;
    height: 17px;
    width: 17px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #3876c2; /* Old browsers */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  #3876c2 0%, #385380 100%); /* FF3.6+ */
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#3876c2), color-stop(100%,#385380)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  #3876c2 0%,#385380 100%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top,  #3876c2 0%,#385380 100%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,  #3876c2 0%,#385380 100%); /* IE10+ */
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,  #3876c2 0%,#385380 100%); /* W3C */
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#3876c2', endColorstr='#385380',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
    box-shadow: #111927 0px 0px 1px 0px;
    margin-top: -7px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range:focus {
    outline: none;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range:focus::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
    background: #9d9d9d; /* Old browsers */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #9d9d9d 0%, #c8c8c8 99%); /* FF3.6+ */
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#9d9d9d), color-stop(99%,#c8c8c8)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  #9d9d9d 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top,  #9d9d9d 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,  #9d9d9d 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* IE10+ */
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,  #9d9d9d 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* W3C */
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#9d9d9d', endColorstr='#c8c8c8',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */
}

input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-moz-range-track {
    width: 300px;
    height: 10px;
    background: #dedede; /* Old browsers */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%, #c8c8c8 99%); /* FF3.6+ */
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#dedede), color-stop(99%,#c8c8c8)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #dedede 0%, #c8c8c8 99%); /* Opera 11.10+ */
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* IE10+ */
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom,  #dedede 0%,#c8c8c8 99%); /* W3C */
    filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#dedede', endColorstr='#c8c8c8',GradientType=0 ); /* IE6-9 */

    border: 1px solid #999999;
    box-shadow: #aaaaaa 0px 0px 3px 0px;
    border-radius: 3px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-moz-range-thumb {
    border: none;
    height: 16px;
    width: 16px;

    border-radius: 50%;
    background:  #385380;
}

/*hide the outline behind the border*/
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range:-moz-focusring{
    outline: 1px solid white;
    outline-offset: -1px;
}

input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-ms-track {
    width: 300px;
    height: 5px;

    /*remove bg colour from the track, we'll use ms-fill-lower and ms-fill-upper instead */
    background: transparent;

    /*leave room for the larger thumb to overflow with a transparent border */
    border-color: transparent;
    border-width: 6px 0;

    /*remove default tick marks*/
    color: transparent;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-ms-fill-lower {
    background: #777;
    border-radius: 10px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-ms-fill-upper {
    background: #ddd;
    border-radius: 10px;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range::-ms-thumb {
    border: none;
    height: 16px;
    width: 16px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background:  #385380;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range:focus::-ms-fill-lower {
    background: #888;
}
input.vis-configuration.vis-config-range:focus::-ms-fill-upper {
    background: #ccc;
}

.vis-configuration-popup {
    position: absolute;
    background: rgba(57, 76, 89, 0.85);
    border: 2px solid #f2faff;
    line-height:30px;
    height:30px;
    width:150px;
    text-align:center;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size:14px;
    border-radius:4px;
    -webkit-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
.vis-configuration-popup:after, .vis-configuration-popup:before {
    left: 100%;
    top: 50%;
    border: solid transparent;
    content: " ";
    height: 0;
    width: 0;
    position: absolute;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.vis-configuration-popup:after {
    border-color: rgba(136, 183, 213, 0);
    border-left-color: rgba(57, 76, 89, 0.85);
    border-width: 8px;
    margin-top: -8px;
}
.vis-configuration-popup:before {
    border-color: rgba(194, 225, 245, 0);
    border-left-color: #f2faff;
    border-width: 12px;
    margin-top: -12px;
}</style><style type="text/css">
.vis-panel.vis-background.vis-horizontal .vis-grid.vis-horizontal {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid;
}

.vis-panel.vis-background.vis-horizontal .vis-grid.vis-minor {
  border-color: #e5e5e5;
}

.vis-panel.vis-background.vis-horizontal .vis-grid.vis-major {
  border-color: #bfbfbf;
}


.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-major {
  width: 100%;
  position: absolute;
  color: #4d4d4d;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-major.vis-measure {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  width: auto;
}


.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-minor {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  color: #bebebe;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-minor.vis-measure {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  width: auto;
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-title {
  position: absolute;
  color: #4d4d4d;
  white-space: nowrap;
  bottom: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-title.vis-measure {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  width: auto;
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-title.vis-left {
  bottom: 0;
  -webkit-transform-origin: left top;
  -moz-transform-origin: left top;
  -ms-transform-origin: left top;
  -o-transform-origin: left top;
  transform-origin: left bottom;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg);
  -moz-transform: rotate(-90deg);
  -ms-transform: rotate(-90deg);
  -o-transform: rotate(-90deg);
  transform: rotate(-90deg);
}

.vis-data-axis .vis-y-axis.vis-title.vis-right {
  bottom: 0;
  -webkit-transform-origin: right bottom;
  -moz-transform-origin: right bottom;
  -ms-transform-origin: right bottom;
  -o-transform-origin: right bottom;
  transform-origin: right bottom;
  -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
  -moz-transform: rotate(90deg);
  -ms-transform: rotate(90deg);
  -o-transform: rotate(90deg);
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}

.vis-legend {
  background-color: rgba(247, 252, 255, 0.65);
  padding: 5px;
  border: 1px solid #b3b3b3;
  box-shadow: 2px 2px 10px rgba(154, 154, 154, 0.55);
}

.vis-legend-text {
  /*font-size: 10px;*/
  white-space: nowrap;
  display: inline-block
}</style><meta name="description" content="He directed for theatre, television, opera and film. He was also a stage designer and one of the most outstanding Polish theatrical artists of the 20th century."><meta name="keywords" content="director, opera, theatre, film, set design"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Culture.pl"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:description" content="He directed for theatre, television, opera and film. He was also a stage designer and one of the most outstanding Polish theatrical artists of the 20th century."><meta name="twitter:site" content="@culture_pl"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Konrad Swinarski"><meta name="twitter:site:id" content="588133139"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://culture.pl/en/artist/konrad-swinarski"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://api.culture.pl/sites/default/files/styles/1024_512/public/field/artists/konrad_swinarski_portrety_forum_4_0.jpg?itok=gTgRGUxL"><link rel="canonical" href="https://culture.pl/en/artist/konrad-swinarski"><link rel="alternate" href="https://culture.pl/pl/tworca/konrad-swinarski"><link rel="alternate" href="https://culture.pl/en/artist/konrad-swinarski"><script src="./Konrad Swinarski – Biografie _ Künstler _ Culture.pl_files/web-vitals.iife.js.Download"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="" src="./Konrad Swinarski – Biografie _ Künstler _ Culture.pl_files/f.txt"></script><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" charset="UTF-8" href="./Konrad Swinarski – Biografie _ Künstler _ Culture.pl_files/m=el_main_css"></head><body><div id="silktide-wrapper"><div id="silktide-backdrop" style="display: none;"></div><button id="silktide-cookie-icon" class="bottomLeft" style="display: flex;">
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            <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-introduction field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Born in 1929, Swinarski was a theatre, television, opera and film director. He was also a stage designer and one of the most outstanding Polish theatrical artists of the 20th century. He died in a plane crash in 1975.</p></div>
      
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            <div class="field field--name-field-artist-birth-death-date field--type-daterange field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1929-07-04T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 07/04/1929 - 12:00</time>
 - <time datetime="1975-08-19T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 08/19/1975 - 12:00</time>
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              <div class="field__item"><p>Konrad Swinarski with Wojciech Pszoniak (right) at the rehearsal of A Midsummer Night's Dream in Stary Theatre, Kraków, photo: Wojciech Plewiński / Forum</p>
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            <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-formatted field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>He studied at the National Academy of Art in Katowice and Sopot and at the Faculty of Stage Art of the <a href="/en/node/6963">National Academy of Art</a> in Lodz, under the guidance of an outstanding painter <a href="/en/node/9259">Władyslaw Strzemiński</a>. He also studied at the Faculty of Drama Direction of the <a href="/en/node/7459">National Academy of Theatre</a> in Warsaw, guided by outstanding artists such as <a href="/en/node/9657">Leon Schiller</a>, Bohdan Korzeniewski and <a href="/en/node/7056">Erwin Axer</a>. During his studied he assisted Korzeniewski during the staging of <a href="/en/node/2519">Aleksander Fredro's</a> Revenge (<strong>Zemsta</strong>) at the <a href="/en/node/6780">National Theatre</a> (Teatr Narodowy, 1953) and Axer during the staging of <strong>Mrs. Latter's Boarding House</strong> based on Bolesław Prus in the Contemporary Theatre (Teatr Współczesny) in Warsaw (1954).<br> <br> In 1952, the Berliner Ensemble presented in Warsaw <strong>Mother</strong> based on Gorki, Heinrich von Kleist's <strong>The Broken Jar</strong> and Bertholt Brecht's <strong>Mother Courage and her Children</strong>. That is when Swinarski's fascination with Brecht's theatre begun. Swinarski was the first in Poland to stage a text by the author of <strong>Baal</strong>. A workshop presentation of <strong>Senora Carrar's Rifles</strong> took place in 1954. It was filmed by the Television Theatre.<br> <br> In 1955 Swinarski created his first independent staging: <a href="/en/node/8307">Jerzy Szaniawski's</a> Sailor (<strong>Żeglarz</strong>) in the <a href="/en/node/1695">Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre</a> in Kalisz. Several moths later Swinarski was already in Berlin to be trained by his German master. He was Brecht's assistant during the rehearsals for Ostrowski's <strong>Adopted Daughter</strong> and <strong>Galileo</strong>. Together with other assistants in training in Berliner Ensemble he finished <strong>Fear and Misery of The Third Reich</strong>, a staging begun by Brecht just before his death.<br> <br> Swinarski came back to Poland as a "Brecht expert". In 1957 the Television Theatre presented his staging of <strong>He Said Yes / He Said No</strong>. One year later the television transmitted <strong>The Threepenny Opera</strong>, which Swinarski staged in the Contemporary Theatre in Warsaw. Swinarski did not copy Brecht's scenic style, neither did he attempt to introduce his theoretical concepts to the theatre (the "alienation effect" was searched for in vain in Swinarski's way of leading the actors).</p> <blockquote>"Swinarski searched for possibilities of a way to influence the spectator, similar to the one in Brecht's theatre. And he searched for it in the concrete, Polish reality. Also in the tradition of Polish theatre he searched for a form similar to Brecht's epic theatre." (Joanna Walaszek, "Konrad Swinarski")</blockquote> <p>Swinarski's exceptional theatre emerged from a union of the German tradition of political theatre with Polish literary, painting and scenic traditions. It concerns the contemporaneousness but with an ambition of presenting its universal aspect. It is a theatre of counterpoint, the sublime colliding with earthiness, a theatre based on a keen reading of the text, even despite its hitherto interpretations.<br> <br> The end of the 1950s and the 1960s were a period when Swinarski's style was shaped. He created numerous stagings in West Germany (including the famous chronicle of the Warsaw Ghetto, Thomas Christoph Harlan's <strong>Without Angel's Help</strong>, West Berlin, 1958 and the international premiere of <strong>The Persecution and Assasination of Jean-Paul Marat</strong>, West Berlin, 1964), and in Israel: <a href="/en/node/2563">Tadeusz Różewicz's</a> The Card Index (<strong>Kartoteka</strong>, Tel-Aviv, 1965), Shakespeare's <strong>Hamlet</strong> (Tel-Aviv, 1966). He worked in drama theatre: <a href="/en/node/9100">Stanisław Wyspiański's</a> Curse (<strong>Klątwa</strong>, Kraków, 1968), in opera: Hans Wener Henze's <strong>The Bacchae</strong> (La Scala in Milan, 1968) and in television: Tadeusz Rozewicz's <strong>File</strong> (1967).<br> <br> In the 1970s Swinarski created his theatrical masterpieces, which are a crucial part of the history of Polish theatre of the 20th century. He staged Shakespeare: <strong>All's Well That Ends Well</strong> (<a href="/en/node/6781">Old Theatre</a>, Kraków, 1971), <strong>Richard III</strong> (Darmstadt 1972), <strong>Edward II</strong> (Burgtheater, Vienna, 1972) and <strong>The Midsummer's Night Dream</strong> (Darmstadt 1973). His stagings of legendary Forefather's Eve (<strong>Dziady</strong> by <a href="/en/node/8388">Adam Mickiewicz</a> (Old Theatre, Krakow, 1973) with Jerzy Trela in the main role and equally outstanding Liberation (<strong>Wyzwolenie</strong> by <a href="/en/node/9100">Stanisław Wyspiański</a> (1974, also in the Old Theatre) argued with Polish history, with the contemporary, stiff interpretation of tradition and with the schematic thinking about theatre.</p> <blockquote>"In the 'Forefather's Eve' Swinarski achieved a goal, at which he had aimed for a long time, mainly in the co-operation with actors: a confrontation with life. (...) 'Liberation' is a play about theatre, and therefore is very close to theatrical artists. It was enough to show that life in theatre is not the same thing as theatre in theatre. The staging of 'Liberation' was animated by an extraordinary personal involvement of the actors. And it seems to be the most personal expression of the director: about himself, about the world, about the theatre." (Joanna Walaszek, "Konrad Swinarski")</blockquote> <p>In 1974 the rehearsals for <strong>Hamlet</strong> with <a href="/en/node/18384">Jerzy Radziwiłowicz</a> in the main role. It was supposed to be Swinarski's most mature theatrical expression. The works were interrupted by the sudden death of the director.<br> <br> Swinarski's theatre educated the most outstanding Polish artists: <a href="/en/node/8551">Krystian Lupa</a>, <a href="/en/node/8060">Jerzy Jarocki</a> and <a href="/en/node/7895">Jerzy Grzegorzewski</a>. His work influenced also the younger generation of theatrical artists: <a href="/en/node/2002">Grzegorz Jarzyna</a>, <a href="/node/4480140">Krzysztof Warlikowski</a> and <a href="/en/node/7722">Piotr Cieplak</a>.</p> <blockquote>"Theatre can not show life directly. It is a metaphor. It does not have to name. It provokes, irritates and discusses the problem. It is not a theatre, where one comes to have a nice time. The drama for our experts in Romanticism, Fredro or Gombrowicz. What meaning should it have? We have to wake up and start to touch the audience, like Swinarski did, let these people live the play like a Spielberg's film. Make them remember it for days." (Krzysztof Warlikowski, "Rzeczpospolita")</blockquote> <p>Most important awards:</p> <ul> <li>1960 - the Leon Schiller Award attributed to young directors for outstanding achievements in the field of staging;</li> <li>1964 - the award of West German theatrical critics for Majakowski's <strong>Bug</strong>;</li> <li>1974 - the National Award of the 1st Degree for outstanding achievements in the field of theatrical direction;</li> <li>1974 - the Main Prize in the category of television films for <strong>The Judges</strong> (<strong>Sędziowie</strong> at the 1st Polish Feature Films Festival in Gdańsk.</li> </ul></div>
      
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Culture.pl_files/konrad_swinarski_portrety_forum_3_0.jpg" lazy="loaded"></div><figcaption class="hero-header__image-caption"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Konrad Swinarski mit Wojciech Pszoniak (rechts) bei der Probe von „Ein Sommernachtstraum“ im Stary-Theater, Krakau, Foto: Wojciech Plewiński / Forum</font></font></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><div class="hero-header__group-text"><div class="culture-container"><h1 class="hero-header__title culture-section-title culture-section-title--bold-font culture-section-title--text-transform-none"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Konrad Swinarski</font></font><!----></h1><!----><div class="hero-header__date-of-life"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">4.07.1929 </font></font><span><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">—</font></font></span><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> 19.08.1975</font></font></div><div class="hero-header__labels"><!----><!----><div class="hero-header__topic"><a href="https://culture.pl/en/topic/film" class=""><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">#Film</font></font></a></div></div><!----><!----><!----></div></div></div></div><div class="node-artist__content" id="mct"><div class="culture-container"><div class="culture-grid"><div class="culture-article__lead"><div class="culture-article__details"><div class="node-author-simple"><div class="node-author-simple__wrapper"><div class="node-author-simple__image"><a href="https://culture.pl/en/autor/culturepl-0" class="" tabindex="-1" focusable="false" exact=""><img src="./Konrad Swinarski – Biografie _ Künstler _ Culture.pl_files/picture-7050040-1385733724.png" alt="Culture.pl" title="Culture.pl"></a></div><div class="node-author-simple__name"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Autor: </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/autor/culturepl-0" class="" exact=""><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Culture.pl</font></font></a></div></div></div><div class="node-social-links social-links node-social-links--culture-article-lead"><div class="node-social-links__label label node-social-links__label--culture-article-lead"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Aktie:</font></font></div><div class="node-social-links__list links node-social-links__list--culture-article-lead"><a href="https://culture.pl/" class="node-social-links__item node-social-links__item--facebook node-social-links__item--culture-article-lead"><span class="visually-hidden"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Facebook</font></font></span></a><a href="https://culture.pl/" class="node-social-links__item node-social-links__item--twitter node-social-links__item--culture-article-lead"><span class="visually-hidden"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Twitter</font></font></span></a></div></div></div><div class="culture-article__introduction"><p><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Der 1929 geborene Swinarski war Theater-, Fernseh-, Opern- und Filmregisseur. Er war außerdem Bühnenbildner und einer der bedeutendsten polnischen Theaterkünstler des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er starb 1975 bei einem Flugzeugabsturz.</font></font></p></div></div><div class="culture-article__related-multimedia"><div class="culture-article__related-multimedia-position"></div></div></div></div><div class="node-banner" measureclicksas="bannerPromo"><div class="culture-container"><div class="culture-grid"><div class="node-banner__content"><div class="node-banner__wrapper"><div class="node-banner__image"><img src="./Konrad Swinarski – Biografie _ Künstler _ Culture.pl_files/kwest_ikonki_15_0_0.png" alt="#bleibkultiviert" title="#bleibkultiviert"></div><div class="node-banner__group-text"><div class="node-banner__label"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">DER CULTURE.PL NEWSLETTER</font></font></div><h2 class="node-banner__title dont-break-out"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">#bleibkultiviert</font></font></h2><div class="node-banner__lead"><p><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Das Beste der polnischen Kultur, direkt in Ihren Posteingang.</font></font></p>
</div><div class="node-banner__link"><div class="link-arrow-end"><a href="https://culture.pl/en/newsletter" class="newsletter-popup" target="_blank"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Abonnieren Sie unseren Newsletter!</font></font><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="59.807" height="9.904" viewBox="0 0 59.807 9.904"><path d="M11069.01,22032.051l3.5-3.5H11015v-1.2h57.512l-3.5-3.506.852-.848,4.948,4.949-4.948,4.955Z" transform="translate(-11015.003 -22022.998)" fill="#1d1d1d"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="paragraph article-paragraph paragraph-text-formatted"><div class="culture-container"><div class="culture-grid"><div class="article-paragraph__content paragraph-text-formatted__content"><div class="content"><p><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Er studierte an der Nationalen Kunstakademie in Kattowitz und Sopot sowie an der Fakultät für Bühnenkunst der </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/6963"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Nationalen Kunstakademie</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> in Łódź unter der Anleitung des herausragenden Malers </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/9259"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Władysław Strzemiński</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . Zudem studierte er an der Fakultät für Dramaturgie der </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/7459"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Nationalen Theaterakademie</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> in Warschau unter der Anleitung bedeutender Künstler wie </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/9657"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Leon Schiller</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , Bohdan Korzeniewski und </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/7056"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Erwin Axer</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . Während seines Studiums assistierte er Korzeniewski bei der Inszenierung von </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/2519"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">„Aleksander Fredros</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Rache“ ( </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Zemsta</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> ) am </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/6780"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Nationaltheater</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> (Teatr Narodowy, 1953) und Axer bei der Inszenierung von „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Die Pension der Frau Latter“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> nach Bolesław Prus am Theater für Moderne Zeitgenössische Kunst (Teatr Współczesny) in Warschau (1954). </font></font><br> <br><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">1952 präsentierte das Berliner Ensemble in Warschau „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Die Mutter“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> nach Gorki, Heinrich von Kleists „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Der zerbrochene Krug“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> und Bertolt Brechts „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . Damals begann Swinarskis Faszination für Brechts Theater. Er war der Erste in Polen, der einen Text des Autors von </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">„Baal“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> inszenierte . 1954 fand eine Workshop-Aufführung von </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Señora Carrars „Die Gewehre“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> statt, die vom Fernsehtheater aufgezeichnet wurde. </font></font><br> <br><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">1955 schuf Swinarski seine erste eigenständige Inszenierung: </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/8307"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Jerzy Szaniawskis „</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Der Matrose“ ( </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Żeglarz</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> ) am </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/1695"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Wojciech-Bogusławski-Theater</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> in Kalisz. Wenige Monate später war Swinarski bereits in Berlin, um von seinem deutschen Meister zu lernen. Er assistierte Brecht bei den Proben zu Ostrowskis „Die </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Adoptivtochter“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> und </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">„Galileo“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . Gemeinsam mit anderen Nachwuchsschauspielern des Berliner Ensembles vollendete er „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Angst und Elend des Dritten Reiches“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , eine Inszenierung, die Brecht kurz vor seinem Tod begonnen hatte. </font></font><br> <br><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Swinarski kehrte als „Brecht-Experte“ nach Polen zurück. 1957 präsentierte das Fernsehtheater seine Inszenierung von „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Er sagte Ja / Er sagte Nein“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> . Ein Jahr später strahlte das Fernsehen </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">die „Dreigroschenoper“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> aus , die Swinarski im Zeitgenössischen Theater in Warschau inszeniert hatte. Swinarski kopierte weder Brechts Bühnenstil, noch versuchte er, dessen theoretische Konzepte ins Theater einzuführen (die Suche nach dem „Verfremdungseffekt“ in Swinarskis Regiearbeit blieb erfolglos).</font></font></p> <blockquote><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">„Swinarski suchte nach Möglichkeiten, den Zuschauer ähnlich wie in Brechts Theater zu beeinflussen. Und er suchte danach in der konkreten, polnischen Realität. Auch in der Tradition des polnischen Theaters suchte er nach einer Form, die Brechts epischem Theater ähnelte.“ (Joanna Walaszek, „Konrad Swinarski“)</font></font></blockquote> <p><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Swinarskis außergewöhnliches Theater entstand aus der Verbindung der deutschen Tradition des politischen Theaters mit polnischen literarischen, malerischen und szenischen Traditionen. Es thematisiert die Gegenwart, strebt aber gleichzeitig danach, deren universelle Dimension darzustellen. Es ist ein Theater des Kontrapunkts, in dem das Erhabene auf das Bodenständige trifft, ein Theater, das auf einer scharfsinnigen Textanalyse beruht, ungeachtet der bisherigen Interpretationen. </font></font><br> <br><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Die späten 1950er und die 1960er Jahre waren die prägende Phase für Swinarskis Stil. Er schuf zahlreiche Inszenierungen in Westdeutschland (darunter die berühmte Chronik des Warschauer Ghettos, Thomas Christoph Harlans „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ohne Engels Hilfe“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , West-Berlin, 1958, und die internationale Erstaufführung von „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Die Verfolgung und Ermordung Jean-Paul Marats“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , West-Berlin, 1964) sowie in Israel: </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/2563"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Tadeusz Różewicz’</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> „Der Karteikasten“ ( </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Kartoteka</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , Tel Aviv, 1965) und Shakespeares „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Hamlet</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> “ (Tel Aviv, 1966). Er arbeitete am Schauspieltheater: </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/9100"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Stanisław Wyspiańskis „</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> Der Fluch“ ( </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Klątwa</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , Krakau, 1968), an der Oper: Hans Werner Henzes „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Die Bakchen“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> (Madrid Scala, 1968) und für das Fernsehen: Tadeusz Różewicz’ „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">File“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> (1967). </font></font><br> <br><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">In den 1970er Jahren schuf Swinarski seine theatralischen Meisterwerke, die einen entscheidenden Teil der polnischen Theatergeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts ausmachen. Er inszenierte Shakespeares „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ende gut, alles gut“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> ( </font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/6781"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Altes Theater</font></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , Krakau, 1971), „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Richard III.</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> “ (Darmstadt, 1972), „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Edward II.“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> (Burgtheater, Wien, 1972) und „ </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Ein Sommernachtstraum“</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> (Darmstadt, 1973). Seine Inszenierungen von </font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/8388"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Adam Mickiewicz</font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> ’ legendärer „Vorabend des Vaters“ ( </font></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Dziady</font></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , Altes Theater, Krakau, 1973) mit Jerzy Trela ​​in der Hauptrolle und </font><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">von </font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/9100"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Stanisław Wyspiańskis ebenso herausragender „Befreiung“ ( </font></a><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;">Wyzwolenie</font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"> , 1974, ebenfalls im Alten Theater) setzten sich mit der polnischen Geschichte, der zeitgenössischen, starren Interpretation von Tradition und dem schematischen Theaterverständnis auseinander.</font></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/8388"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font><strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font></strong><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font><a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/9100"><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font></a><font dir="auto" style="vertical-align: inherit;"></font></p> <blockquote>"In the 'Forefather's Eve' Swinarski achieved a goal, at which he had aimed for a long time, mainly in the co-operation with actors: a confrontation with life. (...) 'Liberation' is a play about theatre, and therefore is very close to theatrical artists. It was enough to show that life in theatre is not the same thing as theatre in theatre. The staging of 'Liberation' was animated by an extraordinary personal involvement of the actors. And it seems to be the most personal expression of the director: about himself, about the world, about the theatre." (Joanna Walaszek, "Konrad Swinarski")</blockquote> <p>In 1974 the rehearsals for <strong>Hamlet</strong> with <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/18384">Jerzy Radziwiłowicz</a> in the main role. It was supposed to be Swinarski's most mature theatrical expression. The works were interrupted by the sudden death of the director.<br> <br> Swinarski's theatre educated the most outstanding Polish artists: <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/8551">Krystian Lupa</a>, <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/8060">Jerzy Jarocki</a> and <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/7895">Jerzy Grzegorzewski</a>. His work influenced also the younger generation of theatrical artists: <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/2002">Grzegorz Jarzyna</a>, <a href="https://culture.pl/node/4480140">Krzysztof Warlikowski</a> and <a href="https://culture.pl/en/node/7722">Piotr Cieplak</a>.</p> <blockquote>"Theatre can not show life directly. It is a metaphor. It does not have to name. It provokes, irritates and discusses the problem. It is not a theatre, where one comes to have a nice time. The drama for our experts in Romanticism, Fredro or Gombrowicz. What meaning should it have? We have to wake up and start to touch the audience, like Swinarski did, let these people live the play like a Spielberg's film. Make them remember it for days." (Krzysztof Warlikowski, "Rzeczpospolita")</blockquote> <p>Most important awards:</p> <ul><li>1960 - the Leon Schiller Award attributed to young directors for outstanding achievements in the field of staging;</li> <li>1964 - the award of West German theatrical critics for Majakowski's <strong>Bug</strong>;</li> <li>1974 - the National Award of the 1st Degree for outstanding achievements in the field of theatrical direction;</li> <li>1974 - the Main Prize in the category of television films for <strong>The Judges</strong> (<strong>Sędziowie</strong> at the 1st Polish Feature Films Festival in Gdańsk.</li></ul></div></div><!----></div></div></div><div class="culture-container"><div class="culture-grid"><div class="culture-article__footer"><div class="culture-article__submitted"><div>Last updated: Sep 19 2017</div></div><div class="culture-article__tags"><div class="tags-list"><div class="tags-list__wrapper"><div class="tags-list__label">Tags:</div><div class="tags-list__tags"><span 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